文章摘要
本文系统讲解了英语中介词(preposition)的核心作用和使用场景。介词作为句子的'关系纽带'，主要承担三大功能：连接名词与其他成分、表达各种关系(如时间、地点、方式等)、构成介词短语补充信息。文章详细列举了介词在六大典型场景中的应用：1)定位空间方位(如in/on/under)；2)表达时间关系(at/in/for等)；3)表示方向归属(to/from/for)；4)说明动作方式(by/with/in)；5)解释原因目的(because of/for)；6)固定搭配(listen to/good at等)。此外，还介绍了介词短语、特殊结构等用法，并分类举例说明in/on/at等高频介词的具体应用。全文通过大量生活化例句，帮助读者直观理解介词如何让英语表达更准确清晰。
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一、什么是介词？一句话用人话讲透你是不是经常在英语句子里看到 in、on、at、to、with、by、about、for、from 这类小词？这些神秘的小词，就是介词，英文叫 preposition。
那么介词的核心作用是什么？一句大白话：
介词就是给人和物、动作之间“连关系”，告诉大家“谁和谁是什么关系、在什么位置、啥时间、用啥方式、目的是什么”。
简单说：介词就是句子的“关系纽带”和“空间时间地图”，没有它，句子就像没人管的“散班子”，内容互相之间全都扯不清。
二、介词的基本职责长什么样（大白话归纳）从最本质的讲，英语里的介词主要有三大职责：
1. 把名词和动词、形容词等连接起来，组合成“完整的信息”比如：She is in the room.（“在房间里”靠 in 这介词说清楚）
2. 用来表达“地点、时间、方式、原因、对象、方向、目的”等各种关系比如：I go to school at eight.（去学校，几点？用 to 表示方向/目标，用 at 表示时间）
3. 帮助句子组成介词短语，作为修饰语、补充说明，让信息清楚精细比如：He speaks with confidence.（“with confidence”补充说明状态）
一句话总结：介词就是让你知道“动作/状态发生在什么环境、什么对象、什么条件下”。
三、介词在英语句子里到底有哪些典型场景？你说句英语，用介词的场合简直太多了。下面系统分场景举例说明：
场景一：定位物理空间与方位这个场景绝对是介词最高频任务，所有“位置、方位”全靠它。
在哪里？（in, on, at, under, above, between, behind, near, beside, below）The book is on the table.（桌子上）The cat is under the chair.（椅子下面）She lives in Paris.（在巴黎）The school is near my home.（在我家附近）He stood between two cars.（两车之间）I sat next to her.（在她旁边）不用介词的话，只说“book table”，根本搞不清啥关系。有了介词后，一下精准定位，别人一听就懂你说的是哪儿。
方位体现（above, below, over, under, behind, in front of）The sun is above the trees.（太阳在树上方）The garage is behind the house.（车库在房子后面）Stand in front of the door.（站在门前）场景二：表达时间、时点、时段时间关系是介词超常用的一个细分。
具体某个时间点（at）The class starts at 8 o’clock.（8点开始）I will call you at noon.（中午）某个日期、月份、年份、星期（on, in）Her birthday is on July 5th.（7月5号）On Monday, we have a meeting.He was born in 2002.（2002年）Flowers bloom in spring.（春天）时间长度、持续状态（for, during, since, from…to）She stayed for two weeks.（待了两周）I haven’t seen him since last year.（自去年以后没见过）From morning to evening, he works.We met during the holidays.（假期期间）先后顺序（before, after, until）Please finish the work before lunch.We will walk after dinner.The shop is closed until Monday.不用介词，你只能说“大致时间”，有了介词，时间定位马上体现出来。
场景三：方向、目的、归属、转移表示“朝哪里去，归于谁，作用在哪儿”等，都靠介词。
方向/去哪里（to, into, toward, through, along, across）He walked to the park.（去公园）The dog ran into the room.（跑进房间）She moved toward the door.（向门移动）Drive through the tunnel.（穿越隧道）Walk across the street.（过马路）We jogged along the river.（沿着河）归属、作用对象（to, for, with）Give this book to Mary.（给玛丽）This gift is for you.（为你准备的）I did it with my friends.（和朋友们一起）来源/起点（from, out of）He comes from China.（来自中国）She took candy out of the box.（从盒子里拿糖）场景四：表达动作方式、手段、条件介词帮助补充动作发生的“具体方式”。
方式/工具（by, with, in, on）He traveled by train.（坐火车）She wrote with a pen.（用笔写）Send the message by email.（通过邮件）材料、表伴随（with, without）Drink coffee with sugar.（加糖喝咖啡）He left without any money.（没带钱就走了）状态/条件（in, by, under, on）She did it in a hurry.（匆忙中）We are under pressure.（在压力下）Work on an empty stomach.（空腹工作）场景五：表达原因、目的、结果介词还能负责“告诉大家为什么、为了什么”。
原因（because of, due to, owing to, for, from）School was closed because of the snow.He cannot work due to illness.目的（for, to）I came here for a meeting.She called to ask about the project.结果（from, out of）She cried out of happiness.The damage resulted from the storm.场景六：和被动、某些动词固定搭配不少动词、形容词必须和某些介词搭配，形成“固定结构”。
动词+介词Listen to music.Wait for someone.Depend on luck.Apologize for mistakes.形容词+介词Interested in art.Good at sports.Proud of achievements.Afraid of snakes.被动语态+介词The movie was directed by him.The letter was written by Alice.打开今日头条查看图片详情
四、介词的特殊结构和用法1. 介词短语定义: “介词+名词/代词/数词”，组合成短语修饰主语、谓语、宾语。
例子：
We camped in the forest.She answered with a smile.The train left at noon.补充说明：介词短语常当状语、定语，为句子扩充信息。“in the morning”（早晨），“with my sister”（和我妹妹），“by car”（坐车）……表达无穷。
2. 介词连接人和事的关系表达“属于谁”、“关于什么”、“涉及哪方面”等：
The story is about friendship.The keys are for the manager.She is with her parents.3. 连接数词、数量和单位three cups of teaa piece of cakekilos of rice4. 其他常见结构be afraid ofbe good atagree with someonedream about/of somethingask for help很多时候，动词/形容词/短语+介词是“定番组合”，要注意固定搭配。
五、介词的种类详解和举例分类下面系统列出英语中常见介词，并以实际例句说明用法。
1. 最常用的空间、时间三大介词——in, on, at空间类：
in（广阔空间、范围内）in the room, in a city, in the worldon（表面、接触点）on the floor, on the wall, on the tableat（具体点、地点）at the station, at the door时间类：
in（月份、年份、长时间段）in June, in 2012, in winteron（具体日期、星期）on Monday, on the 3rd, on Christmas Dayat（具体时刻）at 8 o’clock, at night, at midday口诀：“大范围 in，小点 at，表面 on”
2. 表示方向的介词to, toward, into, through, across, along, from, out ofgo to school, walk toward the park, move into the room, drive through the city3. 表示方式、工具、状态的介词by, with, without, in, ontravel by bus, cook with oil, do without help, in silence4. 表因果、目的的介词for, because of, due to, out ofcome for dinner, late because of traffic, out of curiosity5. 被动和搭配专用介词by（谁做的）The song was written by him.of（属于）She is proud of her son.6. 其他高级介词与短语介词despite（尽管）Despite the rain, we went out.according to（根据）According to the teacher, the exam is easy.except for（除了）Except for Tom, everyone passed.六、介词在句子中的位置和结构技巧1. 介词一般直接跟名词、代词、数词under the bedwith himfor two hours2. 表时间、地点、方式的介词短语多放句首或句尾In the morning, I go jogging.I eat breakfast at home.3. 介词后面不能直接跟动词原形——要加动名词（ing）He is good at drawing.（不能说“at draw”）She is interested in reading.4. 介词不可滥用“Discuss about”是错的，应为“discuss”（discuss后不可加about）“Marry with”是错的，应为 “marry sb.” 不加 with但有些不可省略：
“talk about”, “think about”, “dream of/about”, “agree with”5. 区分单项和复合介词（短语）because of, instead of, due to, together with, in front of, according to 等七、介词用法常见错误与纠正1. in/on/at 用错，意义全变I am in the bus.（指在车里）I am on the bus.（表示“我乘坐这辆公交车”）See you on Monday.（正确）See you at Monday.（错）2. 动词后加错或漏了介词Wait for me.（不能只说 Wait me）Listen to the teacher.（不能说 Listen the teacher）3. 介词后用动词原形He is good at play football.❌He is good at playing football.✅4. 忘了介词短语的语法作用“I went to shopping.” 错误正确：“I went shopping.” 或 “I went to the shop.”5. 被动语态结构乱用介词The film was made by Steven.（正确）The film was made with Steven.（错，with表示一起参与，不是主动制造者）八、介词在写作和口语中的实际作用和超级好处1. 让句子“六脉通畅”，各信息互相联结没有介词，句子就像一堆并列词语，读起来像“报流水账”：
He school morning run.（啥意思？？）用介词后：
He goes to school in the morning to run.2. 精准定位角色、时间、空间、人物关系The dog is under the table.I will meet you at the station on Tuesday at 9am.3. 丰富信息量，使句子内容高度浓缩She is good at dancing.The presentation is about climate change.The teacher is in charge of the class.4. 描述目标、对象和条件时必不可少介词决定动作的“走向”和“影响对象”。
5. 让口语和写作表达地道实用所有 native speaker 日常使用的动词短语、搭配都离不开介词。
get up, get on, get off, look for, look after, take care of, turn on, switch off九、巧妙用好介词的小窍门1. 多背常用固定搭配good at, interested in, look for, think about, take care of, listen to, wait for2. 理解 in/on/at 的本质区别in（空间、范围、容器）on（表面、设备）at（点、事件、活动）3. 动词短语、习惯用法要牢记agree with sb.depend on sth.be afraid of sth.4. 分清时间、地点、目的、方式，灵活替换5. 遇到写作和口语时，遇到陌生情况多查查搭配是否需要介词十、介词专项表达“秒懂总结”一句话，英语世界“谁去哪儿、谁啥时候干事、谁为啥干事”，全靠介词来串联。
介词核心口诀：
位置用 in/on/at，方向靠 to/into/toward；时间用 at/on/in，方式用 with/by/for；搭配用动词/形容词连，句子畅通关系显！
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